Vegetable dyes in rugs

Vegetable dyes, such as madder (red) ; reseda (yellow); saffron (yellow) ; indigo (blue) ; cochineal (carmine red, which is made from the body of the female insect); pomegranate skins (orange); nutshells, oak-bark or iron ore (browns) and many more plants, roots, etc. help to make up the beautiful blends of natural colours.

These are enhanced during age because unlike aniline dyes they do not fade but mellow, increasing their beauty.